What are the contents of international air cargo and insurance？

       Air transportation is a complicated economic activity, which has the characteristics of high cost and high risk。It is an effective means to prevent and reduce air transport accident losses by applying insurance to the insurance company in advance and carrying out proper dispersion and transfer of business risks。In addition, it is also conducive to the shipper and consignee to get safe damage compensation。

 

       It can be said that the development and expansion of air transportation is closely related to the development of air transportation insurance。The shipping industry needs aviation insurance, which promotes the development of the shipping industry。
 

 

Aviation insurance

 

       Air transport insurance is a general term for all kinds of insurance whose subject matter is air or ground loss caused by air transport。In the beginning, aviation insurance was handled by the insurer's Marine or accident department。

 

       With the rapid development of the world's aviation industry, the world's largest insurance companies have set up independent aviation insurance departments, specializing in dealing with various types of aviation accidents。

 

       This situation also depends on the technical characteristics of aviation insurance, as the insurer must be very familiar with aviation expertise and knowledge of aviation law。

 

There are many kinds of Marine insurance, according to the different insured, mainly divided into the following categories:

 

       (1) Where the air carrier is the object of insurance, there are aircraft fuselage insurance, loss of value insurance, statutory liability liability insurance for passengers and baggage, statutory liability liability insurance for cargo and parcel, aircraft third party liability insurance, etc。There are additional risks, war and strike risks。

 

       (2) If the owner or operator of the airport is the insured, there is legal liability insurance for the owner or operator of the airport。

 

       Third, the aircraft manufacturer is the insured to establish product liability insurance。In addition, air passengers and crew can also purchase personal accident insurance。

 

       Aviation insurance usually refers only to air transport insurance, while the traditional air transport insurance belongs to the category of inland transport insurance。

In the international insurance market, aviation insurance is generally in the form of Marine transport insurance policies attached to "aviation clauses", in addition, there are so-called "aviation all risks" clauses。

 

       In other words, air transport insurance includes two basic types of insurance: air transport liability insurance and air transport all risks。Air insurance, in principle, applies to both land and air insurance。However, if Marine insurance is adopted, it is based on the Marine insurance clauses and supplemented by the aviation insurance clauses。

 

Air transport insurance generally covers the following aspects:

 

       (1) Scope of insurance liability。Such losses include losses caused by fire, aircraft collisions, aircraft crashes, and all other dangers covered by Marine insurance except those not suitable for aviation insurance。

 

       (2) Exclusions Loss or damage caused by delay in carriage, defects in the quality of the goods, climate change, and other liabilities excluded by general Marine insurance except those not applicable to aviation insurers, such as losses caused by war, are exclusions from aviation insurance。

 

       (3) Insurance term。The period of coverage of the air insurance insurer shall not exceed 48 hours from the time the subject matter insured is delivered to the carrier to the time the goods arrive at the destination。

 

       Iv. Insurance compensation。After the conclusion of the aviation insurance contract, if the insured property is lost due to an insured accident, a notarized application for compensation shall be submitted to the airline immediately. Where the application for compensation is submitted by the insurer, copies and copies of the above-mentioned application shall be attached for verification with the insurer。Once it is proved that the insurer should bear the responsibility, compensation should be made in accordance with the contract。

 

Air Cargo and Insurance:

 

       Air cargo insurance is an insurance business carried out for the transport of goods by aircraft。With the increasing status of air cargo transport in international and domestic trade, its insurance business has also developed rapidly。

 

       At present, in the international insurance market, cargo insurance mainly adopts the Institute of London's revised cargo clauses (aviation), Institute War Clauses (aviation) and Institute strike clauses (aviation) in 1982.。

 

       Our country has also introduced additional risk clauses on "air transport risks", "Air Cargo All Risks" and "War air transport risks"。However, in general, air cargo insurance has not yet formed a complete insurance system。

 

       As to whether air cargo transport liability insurance must be compulsory, there is no uniform international practice at present。

 

       Article 50 of the 1999 Montreal Convention of the Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) states: "Contracting States shall require their carriers to provide adequate insurance for their liabilities under this Convention。Each Contracting State may require carriers operating air freight to provide evidence that their liabilities under this Convention are adequately insured。

 

       This article sets out the obligations and rights of the member States of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)。Member States are obliged to require their carriers to take out insurance covering their possible liability。

 

       Under the 1999 Montreal Convention, the carrier is responsible for the consequences that may arise from damage, loss, damage or delay to the goods。

 

       Its coverage should generally be consistent with the volume of goods it carries and the limits of liability set out in the Convention。Each Member State shall have the right to require foreign carriers operating in the carriage of goods by air originating from, arriving at or making commercial stops in their own country to provide evidence that they are fully insured against the said liability。

 

       This clause is not mandatory for carriers。The contract itself does not oblige each carrier to take out insurance。The carrier is only obliged to provide adequate insurance if requested to do so by its own country or the foreign country concerned。

 

       In fact, the insurance consciousness of major foreign airlines is very strong, and basically they take the initiative to buy air transport liability insurance。

 

       At present, the insurance consciousness of domestic airlines is relatively weak, and the law of our country does not mandate that air transport liability insurance must be insured, and most of our country's airlines have also insured air transport liability insurance。