Through the following content, we can learn and understand wellTrade bill of ladingWhat are the classifications in international freight transport and how are they used。
Classification and application of trade bill of lading
1. Type of bill of Lading
1) Bill of lading BILLOFLADING
Classification and application of trade bill of lading
1. Type of bill of Lading
1) Bill of lading BILLOFLADING
Means a document used to prove the contract of carriage by sea and the receipt or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier guarantees delivery at the port of destination。
2) Bill of Lading HOUSEB/L
Means the bill of lading issued by the freight forwarder。A bill of lading is usually issued when goods are transported from and to the interior。International freight forwarders usually use this bill of lading。This bill of lading is also used by ordinary freight forwarders to meet the customer's backdated or other shipowners' requests that cannot be met。
3) Owner Bill of Lading MASTERB/L
Means the bill of lading issued by the shipowner。
4) On board bill of lading shippedorboard DB/L
Means the bill of lading issued by the carrier to the shipper that the goods have been shipped。
5) RECEIVEDFORSHIPPINGB/L or BL receivedForshippingB /L
A bill of lading issued when the carrier has received the goods but has not yet loaded them。
6) Direct Bill of lading DIRECTB/L
It means a bill of lading issued when the goods are loaded from the port of loading and are shipped directly to the port of discharge without changing ships。
8) THROUGHB/L, or transshipment bill of lading
Means a bill of lading issued by the carrier at the port of loading for transshipment to the port of destination。
9) Multimodal transport Bill of lading MTB/L
It refers to the bill of lading signed by two or more modes of transport such as sea, inland river, railway, road and air, which is applicable to the whole transportation。
10) Liner Bill of lading LINERB/L
A liner is a ship that continuously carries cargo between regular ports on a certain route according to a published schedule。The liner can be divided into two kinds: regular and irregular schedule。
11) CHARTERPARTYB/L
A bill of lading signed by the owner to the Charterer, or a bill of lading issued by the owner or the Charterer if not all of the Charterer's goods are carried by the Charterer。
12) STRAIGHTB/L
Refers to as long as the named consignee on the bill of lading can pick up the goods of the bill of lading, generally do not have liquidity。
13) ORDERB/L
There are usually unnamed directives (ORDER only), listed directives (ORDEROFSHIPPER or ORDEROFCONSIGNEE**COMPANY;ORDEROF**BANK)。This bill of lading is negotiable after endorsement by the ordering party。
14) Blank Bill of lading BLANKB/L or OPENB/L
There is no consignee or ORDER in the bill of lading, that is, any holder of the bill of lading has the right to take delivery of the goods。
15) Clean Bill of lading CLEANB/L
The goods were delivered in apparent good condition, and the carrier issued the bill of lading without any notation of damage, poor packing or otherwise hindering the settlement of exchange。
16) Dirty bill of lading FOULB/L
At the time of delivery of the goods, the packaging and external state of the goods are not consolidated and intact, and the ship can comment, that is, a dirty bill of lading。
17) Parcel bill of Lading PARCELRECEIPT or NON-NEGOTIABLERECEIPT
Suitable for small quantities of goods, luggage or samples。
18) Minimum freight Bill of Lading or MINIMUMB/L
Freight is not up to the minimum amount of this rule, and is charged according to the minimum freight of the rule。
19) and OMNIBUSB/L or COMBINEDB/L
Refers to the merger of different batches of goods in a bill of lading, or different batches of the same liquid cargo loaded in a tank, issued several bills of lading, the former is called a bill of lading, the latter is called assembled bill of lading。
20) Separate the bill of lading from each other
It refers to a batch of goods, that is, the goods of the same shipment list, which can be divided into 2 or more sets of bills of lading according to the shipper's request。
21) Obsolete Bill of Lading STALEB/L
A bill of lading is a bill of lading which is not accepted by the bank and cannot be delivered to the consignee at the port of destination before the ship arrives at the destination。
22) AC Bill of Lading SWITCHB/L
It refers to a set of bills of lading issued by the port of origin after the bill of lading is replaced at the intermediate port, as the goods are shipped by the intermediate or transit station
23) Backsign ANTI-DATEDB/L
It is a bill of lading issued by the carrier at the request of the shipper after the goods have been loaded on board, and the date of the bill of lading is earlier than the date of the end of actual loading。
24) Advance Bill of Lading ADVANCEDB/L
A bill of lading for which the goods are not loaded in time for any reason due to the expiry of the shipment and settlement period under the L/C rules, but are under the control of the carrier or have begun loading, and the shipper has issued a letter of guarantee requesting the carrier to advance the bill of lading。25) On deck Bill of Lading or deck bill of lading ONDECKB/L
A bill of lading in which the goods are loaded on the open deck of a ship and marked "on deck"。
Statistics from the International Chamber of Commerce indicate that 10 per cent of all disputes relating to UCP500 are over Article 23 on ocean bills of lading rules.5%。In recent years, the International Chamber of Commerce Banking Committee has issued nearly 50 advisory opinions on this clause。It can be seen that how to correctly understand and apply the rules of Article 23 has been an important issue in front of the parties, and it is also one of the important tasks of the International Chamber of Commerce in UCP600 how to amend and improve it。Paragraphs 73 to 99 of the ISBP provide further refinement and standards for the local issue of ocean bills of lading。
Application of Article 23 of UCP
If a credit card requests the presentation of a port-to-port transport document, Article 23 of the UCP applies。If a certificate of credit requests the presentation of a transport document "by sea" or "by sea", Article 23 of the UCP applies。As long as the transport document is a port-to-port transport document, it does not have to use the words "sea" or "sea" to comply with the rules of Article 23 of UCP。For example, in opinion No. R342, where a certificate of credit allows the presentation of a multimodal transport document and the beneficiary presents a port-to-port multimodal bill of lading (sea transport only, no transhipment), ICC is of the view that article 23 should still apply。
Consignee, instructing party, shipper, notifier and endorsement
(a) if the credit card requests a registered bill of lading，For example "consignedtoBankX"，Not "toorder" or "toorderofBankX" and so on，The words "toorder" or "toorderof" shall not appear before a distinguished name in the consignee column，It doesn't matter if the words are printed or pre-printed。Similarly, if the credit card requests an order bill of lading, such as "toorder" or "toorderof", the bill of lading cannot be made in the name of the named person as the consignee。
(2) If the bill of lading is in order or to the order of the shipper, the bill of lading shall be endorsed by the shipper。Endorsement made by an agent or on behalf of the shipper is acceptable。
(c) If the credit card does not specify the notifying party, the relevant fields in the bill of lading may be left blank or filled in in any way。However, it is a common practice to provide the title and address of the applicant。
Ports of loading and unloading
(1) The title of the loading port in the credit card rules shall be indicated in the loading port column of the bill of lading。If it is clear that the goods have been transported by a vessel from the place of receipt and there is an on board notation indicating that the goods are loaded on the vessel at the port appearing under the name "place of receipt" or similar column, it may also be indicated under the name "place of receipt" or similar column。
If the L/C requests a port to port bill of lading, a valid "on board" notation is required and the bank can accept a bill of lading indicating an inland location or another port as the place of receipt。
If the port of shipment of the certification rules is a certain astronomical range，And the credit card allows transshipment，According to Opinion No. R227，If the ocean bill of lading indicates a different place of receipt and port of shipment (both within the port limits of the credit rules)，The loading port, title and date of the vessel must be indicated in the on board notation;If the bill of lading indicates only one port within the scope as the loading port and the corresponding name of the vessel，Shipping notation may not include port and vessel name information。
If the place of receipt is the same as the port of shipment, it is not necessary to indicate the name of the port and vessel, provided that the "forward shipment" field is blank;If the "Forward shipment" field contains some information, the port of departure and the corresponding vessel name must be annotated。
(2) The title of the port of discharge in the credit rules shall be indicated in the port of discharge column of the bill of lading。If it is clear that the goods will be transported by vessel to the final destination and there is a notation indicating that the port of discharge is the port appearing under the heading "Final destination" or similar, it may also be indicated under the heading "Final Destination" or similar。
Similarly, if a L/C requests a port to port bill of lading, only a valid "on board" notation is required, and banks can afford a bill of lading showing an inland location or another port of destination。
(c) If the place of receipt is a container yard (CY) or Container Freight Station (CFS) and the port of shipment is the same as in the rules, for example, the place of receipt is a container yard in Hong Kong and the port of shipment is Hong Kong, these places will be regarded as the same place and it is therefore not necessary to indicate the port of shipment and the name of the vessel in the loading notation。
(d) If the L/C rules specify the astronomical area or extent of the port of loading and/or the port of discharge (e.g. "any European port"), the bill of lading must indicate the actual port of loading and/or the port of discharge, and the port must be within the astronomical area or extent of the L/C rules。
Transshipment and partial shipment
(a) Transhipment means the unloading of goods from one ship and reloading to another ship in the course of sea transport between the port of loading and the port of discharge under the credit code。Discharge and reloading are not considered transhipment if they do not occur between the port of loading and the port of discharge。
(b) While a credential may prevent transhipment, Article 23D of UCP500 still permits the suspension of transhipment under certain circumstances。However, if the credit prevents transhipment and eliminates the application of Article 23D of UCP500, a bill of lading that appears to indicate that transhipment will or may occur will be deemed inconsistent。
Article 23 (d) provides that a bill of lading indicating that transhipment will occur will be accepted by a bank even if a letter of credit prohibits transhipment, provided that the bill of lading proves that the goods have been transported by container, trailer and/or carrier and that the same bill of lading covers the entire carriage by sea。Therefore, if transhipment is to be stopped in its entirety, the credit card must also indicate the application of Article 23D of the UCP500。
(3) if the credit card prohibits partial shipment，More than one set of original bills of lading were submitted，The port of shipment is one or more ports (specifically permitted by the credit card or within the specified astronomical range of the credit card rules)，The document only needs to indicate that the goods are on the same ship and on the same voyage，The destination is the same unloading port，Then such documents can be borne。If more than one set of bills of lading are submitted and the bills of lading indicate different shipment dates, the latest shipment date will be used to calculate the time limit for presentation, and the date must be on or before the latest shipment date of the L/C rules。The shipment of the cargo in multiple vessels constitutes a partial shipment, that is, the ships leave on the same day and are bound for the same destination。
Vi. Shipping notation
(a) if a bill of lading pre-printed "shippedonboard" is presented，The date of issuance of the bill of lading shall be deemed the date of shipment，Unless the bill of lading bears separate on board notation with date of addition，此时，The date of the shipment notation shall be deemed to be the date of shipment，Regardless of whether the endorsement date is before or after the date of issue of the bill of lading。
These rules understand what a bill of lading date (B/Ldate) is and whether the shipment date can be earlier or later than the bill of lading issue date。In accordance with Opinion No. R284, for on board bills of lading, the date of issue is the date of shipment without the need to add an "on board" notation;For a bill of lading to be received for shipment, a notation "shipped" containing the date of shipment which may be earlier, later or equal to the date of issue must be added。
(2) "Shippedinapparentgoodorder", "Ladenonboard", "cleanonboard" or other contain phrases such as "shipped" or "onboard" words and "Shippedonboard" has the same effectiveness。
Vii. Clean bill of Lading
(a) A bill of lading containing a clause or notation expressly stating that the goods and/or the packing are defective is unacceptable。A clause or note that does not explicitly state that the goods and/or the packing is defective (e.g., "the packing may not be sufficient for a sea voyage") does not constitute a discrepancy。A statement stating that the packaging "is not adequate for sea voyage" is not acceptable。
(b) Even though the credit card may request "clean on board bill of lading" or a bill of lading marked "clean on board", the bill of lading need not appear "clean"。
(c) If the word "clean" appears on a bill of lading and is removed, it shall not be deemed to contain an unclean note or an unclean note unless the bill of lading contains a clause or note expressly stating that the goods or packaging are defective。
Viii. Signature of bill of Lading
(a) The original bill of lading must be signed in the manner stipulated in Article 20B of UCP500, and the title of the carrier must appear on the surface of the bill of lading and indicate the identity of the carrier。
1.If a bill of lading is signed by an agent on behalf of the carrier, the agent must be identified as such and the carrier for whom he represents, unless the carrier has been identified elsewhere in the centre of the bill of lading。
2.If a bill of lading is signed by a master, his signature must identify himself as "Master"。In this case, the name of the captain is not required。
3.If an agent signs the bill of lading on behalf of the Master, he shall be identified as the agent and the name of the master being represented shall be indicated。
(b) If the credit rule "is able to bear the forwarder's bill of lading" or uses similar terms, the bill of lading may be signed by the carrier in its capacity without identifying itself as the carrier or as an agent of the named carrier。The bill of lading does not have to show the name of the carrier。
However, the said carrier bill of lading shall still satisfy the requirements of the other rules of Article 23 other than Article 23A (i)。
Ix. Correction and certification
(1) The correction of the bill of lading must be verified。The certification must appear to have been made by the carrier, the master or his agent (who can be different from the agent issuing or signing the bill of lading), simply by identifying himself as the agent of the carrier or the Master。
Any agent of the carrier/Master of the Bill of Lading may confirm the correction of the bill of lading。Pursuant to Opinion No. R344, corrections to bills of lading can indeed be acknowledged by any agent of the carrier/master, regardless of whether the signatory has issued the bill of lading and/or any other corrections to the bill of lading that have been certified。
An on board endorsement is not a correction to the bill of lading and does not require a separate signature or subsignature by the carrier or its agent, i.e., no proof。
(2) Non-negotiable duplicate bill of lading without any signature or proof。
Full set of originals
Transport documents to which Article 23 of UCP applies must indicate the number of originals issued。Transport documents marked with similar expressions such as "FirstOriginal", "SecondOriginal", "Original", "Duplicate", and "Triplicate" are originals。A bill of lading does not have to be marked "original" to qualify as an original。See International Chamber of Commerce, "Confirmation of Original Documents under UCP500 Article 20B"。
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